O‘ZBEKISTON BANK TIZIMIDA KREDIT PORTFELINING STRUKTURAVIY TRANSFORMATSIYASI: KORPORATIV SEKTORDAN ISTE’MOL KREDITLASHIGA O‘TISH VA DEDOLLARIZATSIYA TENDENTSIYALARI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21021318Keywords:
O‘zbekiston bank tizimi, kredit portfeli dinamikasi, dedollarizatsiya, iste’mol kreditlashi, korporativ kreditlash, DSTI limiti, Markaziy bank, IFRS 9, NPL, inflyatsiyani nishonga olish (inflation targeting), bank xususiylashtirish, moliyaviy ommaboplik, transmissiya kanaliAbstract
Ushbu ilmiy maqolada O‘zbekiston bank tizimida 2020–2025-yillar davomida kredit portfelining tarkibiy transformatsiyasi va dinamikasi empirik jihatdan tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda makroiqtisodiy barqarorlikni ta’minlashda tijorat banklari kredit portfelining transmissiya kanali sifatidagi roli, institutsional islohotlar, davlat banklarini xususiylashtirish jarayonlari hamda moliyaviy ommaboplikni oshirish siyosatining ta’siri tizimli ravishda o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko‘ra, O‘zbekistonda ajratilgan yillik kreditlar hajmi 2020-yildagi 127,2 trillion so‘mdan
2024-yilda 287,1 trillion so‘mga yetgan, kredit portfeli qoldig‘i esa 2025-yil 1-oktabr holatiga ko‘ra 582,2 trillion so‘mni tashkil etgan. Eng muhim tarkibiy o‘zgarishlardan biri korporativ sektor (yuridik shaxslar) ulushining 79,86 foizdan 61,12 foizgacha kamayishi va jismoniy shaxslar ulushining 18,87 foizdan 35,84 foizgacha, ya’ni qariyb ikki baravarga oshganidir. Shuningdek, kredit portfelining dedollarizatsiyasi natijasida xorijiy valyutadagi kreditlar ulushi 47,7 foizdan 39,3 foizgacha qisqargan. Bu holat Markaziy bankning valyuta risklarini kamaytirishga qaratilgan siyosati samaradorligini tasdiqlaydi. Yangi ajratilgan kreditlar tarkibida sanoat sektorining ulushi 32,70 foizdan 20,00 foizgacha pasaygan bo‘lsa, jismoniy shaxslarga berilgan kreditlar ulushi
22,38 foizdan 41,77 foizgacha oshgan. Bundan tashqari, 2025-yildan boshlab Markaziy bank tomonidan iste’mol kreditlash sohasida qarz yukining ortib ketishini cheklash maqsadida 50 foizlik Debt-Service-to-Income (DSTI) limiti joriy etilgan
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